Senin, 30 April 2018

Free Download Thinkpak: A Brainstorming Card Deck, by Michael Michalko

April 30, 2018 sewardvalerielexiebrown No comments

Free Download Thinkpak: A Brainstorming Card Deck, by Michael Michalko

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Thinkpak: A Brainstorming Card Deck, by Michael Michalko

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Review

Praise for Michael Michalko’s Thinkertoys: “Designed to change the way you think.”--Wall Street Journal

From the Publisher

This is a new edition of the highly popular brainstorming cards based on one of Michael Michalko's creative thinking techniques. Michael is the author of "Thinkertoys" and "Cracking Creativity."

See all Editorial Reviews

Product details

Cards: 64 pages

Publisher: Ten Speed Press; Revised edition (June 1, 2006)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1580087728

ISBN-13: 978-1580087728

Product Dimensions:

4.1 x 1.2 x 5.7 inches

Shipping Weight: 6.4 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.4 out of 5 stars

47 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#58,935 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

I like this but the kindle addition is hard to follow. Especially when putting to shuffle the cards it keeps returning to the same one. I wish I would have just bought the book.

This is my favorite purchase of all times on Amazon. As an educator in a project based learning system these cards revolutionized the creativity and innovation in our projects. Most people believe that you are either born creative or you were not. Nonsense. Use these cards to tackle any problems or projects in your life and you will amaze yourself with the ideas you generate. Although I know it is probably strange, I carry this deck with me everywhere I go, every day. This is my most valued tool in being innovative. Love, love, love these!!!

On most teams, you can divide the room into two groups: those "Idea-a-Second" somewhat-crazy, but fun people--and then the "I'm-Not-Very-Creative" gang of introverts. Where are you?Today when many organizations, departments and teams are struggling to do more with less, the need for fresh ideas is even greater. But here's good news: Thinkpak (a brainstorming card deck) can help!Michael Michalko, author of Thinkertoys: A Handbook of Creative-Thinking Techniques (2nd Edition), is described as "one of the most highly acclaimed creativity experts in the world. As an officer in the U.S. Army, Michael organized a team of NATO intelligence specialists and international academics in Frankfurt, Germany, to research, collect, and categorize all known inventive-thinking methods."The problem says Michalko, "If you always think the way you've always thought, you'll always get what you've always got."The solution: "Everything new is really an addition to or modification of something that already existed. To create a new idea, product, service, process, breakthrough, or whatever else you need, just take a subject and change it into something."S.C.A.M.P.E.R. So this creativity guru recommends you "S.C.A.M.P.E.R" and leverage the nine principal ways of changing a subject: Substitute something. Combine it with something else. Adapt something to it. Modify or Magnify it. Put it to some other use. Eliminate something. Reverse or Rearrange it.The Thinkpak brainstorming card deck has 56 cards including two instructional cards, four or five cards for each of the nine key processes, plus seven cards with creative ways to evaluate ideas. It's a brilliant instant brainstorming system. But caution! It could be dangerous to your boring, status quo!The Thinkpak cards contain "idea-triggering questions based on these nine principles. The questions are designed to focus your attention on your subject in different ways and give you different means of interpreting what you are focusing on. These different ways of focusing will break your habitual thought patterns and let you look at your subject in fresh ways."Did our biblical heroes have access to these Thinkpak cards? Maybe! Think Noah's Ark, water-into-wine, and the Red Sea crossing.In the fast-reading 52-page instructional mini-booklet, the author continues, "You'll generate a quantity of ideas quickly, including ideas that you wouldn't have otherwise considered. Once you apply the Thinkpak questions to your subject or situation, ideas begin to appear almost involuntarily."I used the cards at a strategic planning retreat this month. Fun broke out! Especially when the leaders of one entity played the "Reverse It" card--and suggested they trade real estate with the other entity!Each of the nine principles is illustrated with a memorable story, like the Walkman radio. Sony engineers attempted to design a small portable stereo tape recorder. Nothing worked. Then Masaru Ibuka, honorary chairman of Sony, leveraged several creativity principles to find success--recalling a separate project to design lightweight portable headphones.The Sony chief brainstormer asked, "What if you combine the headphones with the tape player and eliminate the recorder function altogether?" At the time, by combining, eliminating and reversing, the Walkman became Sony's top selling electronic product of all time. Steve Jobs should have been grateful!Fire Your Board! Speaking of eliminating, Thinkpak shares the story of the chairperson of a nonprofit board that "wanted to energize her board members out of their lethargy." So she asked the members to imagine that they were all fired. "Then she asked them to reapply for the board. This shocked the board members and forced them to rethink their knowledge and competencies," and most important, what they needed to bring to the table to truly be effective board members.Should you modify or magnify something? One entrepreneur hands out business cards with one rounded corner, with a tagline, "25 percent safer than most other business cards." Clients keep his card and show others.Ray Kroc, after buying the first McDonald's stand, stored his spuds in the basement but couldn't get the french fries to taste right. The original McDonald family had exposed their potatoes to desert winds that cured the potatoes. SCAMPER Solution: "Modify the storage area. Kroc cured the potatoes by installing large electric fans in the basement."Kroc also employed the Rearrange It approach to differentiate his hamburger stand from all the other box-shaped burger joints. Presto: Golden Arches!So to breathe fresh air into your team's ventilating system (now...there's an idea!), and delegate this creativity tool to a team member.P.S. Where do you dream up your best ideas? One company, referenced in Thinkpak, created a special room with educational toys, games, videos and bean bag chairs--and included baby photos of every team member; a reminder that we are all born with creativity.

Brainstorming cards remind me to use alternate modes of thought and creativity. These go well with the book which I also have. Few projects take the time to truly brainstorm...most of what happens is what I call spit-balling an idea, which the tip of the iceberg. But, it takes cognitive energy to breakthrough with a truly innovative approach, so cards like these and others provide the methods to get there with guided cognitive effort.

They are 56 cards with a 64 pages instruction booklet, here's the fun part, the booklet is full rich experience with the card deck, it makes you start thinking with the scamper on your everyday, it has creativity study cases and a lot of scamper made decisions in the past, like why does the hotdog comes with a bread, the answer is that a frankfurt sales man and his brother-in-law a baker where trying to find out a way to make the frankfurt sales more profitable, because at first they sell it in a plate so people wont burn their fingers with the hot frankfurts, then they tried with cotton gloves, but they were to expensive and some times the customers walk away with the gloves on, so they ask them self, how we can COMBINE the sausages to make people wont burn their fingers when eating it, the conversation between the sausage salesman and the baker was: "what if i baked a long bun and slit it to hold the frank? then you can sell the franks, and i can sell you the buns. who knows, it might catch on." and the hotdog as you know it today was born.The cards have scamper questions so youll be driven into the subject problem to the solution evaluation, then you decide if its worth or not.This is by far one of the best gifts someone has given to me...

I loved Thinkertoys, but this is a great portable version I can pull out on my lunchbreak or in preparation for work meetings. I have the reputation for being one of the most creative people on staff, partly thanks to this!

Very good and valuable tool, it's simple, yet easy to apply to any problem, and easy for me to use with clients and students alike.

Great teaching tool.

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Kamis, 12 April 2018

PDF Ebook Canyoneering: The San Rafael Swell, by Steve Allen

April 12, 2018 sewardvalerielexiebrown No comments

PDF Ebook Canyoneering: The San Rafael Swell, by Steve Allen

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Canyoneering: The San Rafael Swell, by Steve Allen

PDF Ebook Canyoneering: The San Rafael Swell, by Steve Allen

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Amazon.com Review

Steve Allen's commitment to exploring every nook and cranny in southern Utah's vast network of maze-like canyons has granted him legendary status. His guide to the San Rafael Swell is the first volume in a three-part series that will captivate both novice hikers and elite rock climbers alike. Unlike many guides, Allen takes time to discuss the Swell's rich history, which undoubtedly lends itself to the reader's greater appreciation for the land. But this guide is not a misty-eyed overview. Allen knows that canyoneering leads hikers into confusing territory, so his landmark descriptions are presented in meticulous detail. He covers 63 separate adventures and manages to cover them with a skillful writer's grace and a mad scientist's penchant for detail. --Ben Tiffany

Product details

Paperback: 260 pages

Publisher: University of Utah Press (October 1, 2000)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0874803721

ISBN-13: 978-0874803723

Product Dimensions:

6.2 x 0.8 x 9.2 inches

Shipping Weight: 1 pounds

Average Customer Review:

4.0 out of 5 stars

11 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#394,888 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

We've been exploring the Swell for over ten years now and have found Allen's book absolutely indispensable. This is the backcountry, people, you don't go without GPS, topo maps and some basic BC navigation experience. We prepare by correlating USGS 7.5' topo data to Google Earth and generating GPS waypoints. It works amazingly well if you're careful. Stick to obvious Jeep tracks; trying to pick Navajo knobs atop the reefs can be tricky. We've found Allen's descriptions very useful, even with the inevitable interpretation that occurs. Even the desert BC looks a little different twenty years on.By comparison, my feeling is that Kelsey is a mad man. We refer to his book when planning and delight in the harrowing accounts of rapping into 'keepers.' I was more agro when I was younger and might have tried some of that "back in the day," but Allen is our go-to guy in the field.

excellent book

The San Rafael Swell is a huge geological blister located in east central Utah. It is crossed by several creeks and has numerous beautiful canyons, cliffs, mesas, slot canyons, and grottoes. It is also marked by spectacular cliffs of white Navajo sandstone, particularly on the east and southeast borders. There are a few big arches in the Swell and a host of gargoyle rocks. It's a place that, were it anywhere else, would be a National Park or Monument. However, in the scenic wonderland that is southeast Utah, it's just another unexplored place for the most part. Up to this book, the bulk of the Swell's publicity has come from occasional uranium strikes.Author Allen has turned out a masterpiece. The book extensively covers all the things previously discussed, and a lot more, too. Especially interesting is the history of the region. The maps and hikes/tours are clearly described, although I would have preferred measuring in terms of distance rather than time. Quite obvious is Allen's enthusiasm for the place, an enthusiasm brought out in the text. The pictures are good, but I would have preferred some of them in color, given the fantastic breadth of colorful formations in this region.I used the book last May in a brief Jeep tour of the Swell, and found it to be very accurate. I recommend the book highly to anyone who wants to see/explore this magnificent region.

Steve's book gives plenty of information to find these hikes with lots of detail about the highlights and routes. Being an experienced mountaineer but a novice canyoneer, I did find selecting hikes a little difficult without a rating system. I would recommend using the Falcon Guide to the same area in conjunction and as a cross reference to avoid getting in over your head. If you can only buy one, get this one, as the 2nd half of the book contains a rich overview of the history and geology of the area which will highly enhance your visit.

Certainly not perfect, but this guide to the San Rafael Swell in central Utah is invaluable! This is my go-to book for exploring some amazing terrain in the Swell. You definitely need a GPS and TOPO for wherever you go, plus common sense for being miles from nowhere in the middle of the desert. Allen has enthusiasm for such excursions and great respect for preserving wilderness for others to experience. He lived out of his van with his dog for two years while exploring the territory and writing this book which conjures some serious Edward Abbeyness. I still love to ponder the next adventure that I haven't yet been on in the Swell because of this book--Thanks Steve!

More maps would be nice. I would have to agree about the using the minutes (ie 70 minutes) for beta. On the other hand one should always take the maps anyway.Opposite of Kelsey, difficulties seem to be over exagerated, rather than underexagerated. It would be nic if all authors used the same terminology for diffiuclt and easy, but this will likely never happen.Steve seems to skip over some fantastic stuff, in favor of some more mundane stuff on some hikes, but all you have to do is do some side trips. To get the most out of this (or any) book, leave the paint by numbers route description on occasion and do some exploring on you own.I would still highly recommend the book. It's a great source of info.

Keep in mind that this book describes the San Rafael Swell. This is a remote, undeveloped part of the world. If you use a guidebook, such as Steve's, that doesn't include all the GPS points and topo maps, then maybe you'll realize that you are going to need more than a guide book to do this stuff safely. And that, my friends, is the genioius of Steve's book. It will get you started, but you need to invest some time with maps etc before the trip to do it safely.Route descriptions for this part of the world should be in units of time rather than units of length. Not all 5 mile roads in the San Rafael are created equal.We've hiked 5 or 6 routes in Steve's book. With proper pre-trip planning, we've always been safe and never seriously lost (we've just experienced temporary navigational inconveniences, so far!)Mike.

ET huh? Yeah I know exactly what you mean! Just did that hike suggested in the guide book this weekend. This book serves as a list of hikes to do, but you better have a topo map and some good orienteering skills to match. He listed maps used for the hike but omitted the map which showed the latter third of the end of the canyon. We are lucky we realised this or we would have been trying to exit in the wrong spot. Not only does he use times to find confusing, he gets mileage wrong when he does give it! He said it was about 16 miles for the total trip. We used a topo program to count the mileage afterwards. It was at least 24 miles! Be careful when using this book!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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Rabu, 11 April 2018

Free Download Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry

April 11, 2018 sewardvalerielexiebrown No comments

Free Download Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry

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Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry

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About the Author

Eldor A. Paul is a Senior Research Scientist at the Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University, Fort Collins and Professor Emeritus at Michigan State University, East Lansing. During his time at Michigan State, he was professor of Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry, and Crop and Soil Sciences. He earned degrees from the University of Alberta and the University of Minnesota. His research focuses on the dynamics of soil organic matter and the microbial ecology of soil. Dr. Paul is a Fellow of ASA, SSSA, the Canadian Society of Soil Science, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Product details

Hardcover: 598 pages

Publisher: Academic Press; 4 edition (November 27, 2014)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0124159559

ISBN-13: 978-0124159556

Product Dimensions:

6.2 x 1.2 x 9 inches

Shipping Weight: 2.4 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

3.6 out of 5 stars

8 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#947,839 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Strengths are mostly comprehensive coverage of soil carbon and soil organic matter formation, fractions, and properties, as one would expect based on expertise of the editor. Also some updates on current approaches for detection and characterization of soil microbial community including molecular techniques used in metagenomics for detection of non-culturable groups. Because chapters are authored by various individuals with specialties in certain soil science areas, continuity in style and presentation suffers somewhat and not all areas of soil microbiology that are of current interest are covered in detail as one might expect. This included soil enzymology, which is touched on in two different chapters, although this might merit a chapter devoted to this topic, and soil health/quality, which is currently of interest especially from the biological aspects. Overall this text is a good resource for teaching introductory or intermediate soil microbiology and biochemistry but is weak as the only text required because considerable supplementary sources on topics absent or only surficially covered in this text needs to be provided in order to cover the overall teaching topic.

The ordering and shipping were great, but the textbook is a bit to bit desired. Some images don't look to be transcribed to the appropriate size from older editions.

Great.

My favorite textbook - I graduated and now I read it for fun!

Good book

It is white and black. While my friend have got one with color ....

The figures are tiny - this is not a book that works really well on a kindle.

Excellent.

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Free PDF Zagreb: A Cultural History (Cityscapes), by Celia Hawkesworth

April 11, 2018 sewardvalerielexiebrown No comments

Free PDF Zagreb: A Cultural History (Cityscapes), by Celia Hawkesworth

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About the Author

Celia Hawkesworth taught Serbian and Croatian language and literature at the University of London for many years. She now works as a freelance writer and translator. Her long involvement with the language and culture of the region began with her first visit to Zagreb in 1955.

Product details

Series: Cityscapes

Paperback: 272 pages

Publisher: Oxford University Press; 1 edition (December 26, 2007)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0195327993

ISBN-13: 978-0195327991

Product Dimensions:

7.9 x 0.9 x 5.4 inches

Shipping Weight: 13.1 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

5.0 out of 5 stars

1 customer review

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#1,003,443 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

I chose this item because it covered in history and cultural the topic that I needed for my study. I recommend it to everyone interested in Croatian history even if they are going on a tour. It will improve the understanding of the city and the country. I have not been disappointed in any Cityscapes item.

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Senin, 09 April 2018

Download Ebook Through the Black Hills and Bad Lands of South Dakota

April 09, 2018 sewardvalerielexiebrown No comments

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Kamis, 22 Maret 2018

Download Ebook , by Shankar Vedantam

Maret 22, 2018 sewardvalerielexiebrown No comments

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Publisher: Spiegel & Grau (December 22, 2009)

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If you read a lot of books in this genre, then this is likely to be a retread of older studies for you. If not, then you might enjoy it. It's an easy read, and there's a lot of fascinating material.That said, the author's own "hidden" biases are on full display as well. His chapter on racist bias immediately and definitively sets about showing that racism exists - the author relaying his own personal experiences with it as a minority - and then explores why. In fact, he has a couple of chapters that deal with racism in a fairly masterful way. Those are worth a read. However, in the chapter on sexism, he spends a few pages rambling on about how there's no real way to establish in any useful form that sexism is behind any individual incident that involves a woman. He eventually did get it together and pull out of his spiral to discuss sexism as experienced by trans individuals, but not without the disclaimer that a lot of that discrimination might be attributable to bias against alternative sexuality. Having read substantial amounts of - yes, scientific - as well as less rigorous studies into sexism, I found that chapter sloppy and poorly assembled. It was clearly not the priority for him that racism was. And being dismissive of 51% of the global population is probably a poor strategy for success. I'd have more respect for his book if he simply said, "I'm going to focus on racism since it's where my interest lies," and then not addressed sexism at all. Fair enough - we tend to speak to what we know. But to throw in a sloppy, poorly assembled chapter on sexism, and then act as if it could barely be quantified as a societal force - despite the massive crowds of people globally saying otherwise - felt insulting and dismissive. Definitely a turn-off.All in all, I can't give this a huge thumbs up or down. It's okay. But if you're only going to read one book in this genre, I'd recommend "Mistakes were Made But Not By Me" or "Dataclysm."

This was a very enjoyable read, as most people are not consciously rascist or sexist, but they do have hidden biases of which they are not even aware. I just wish there was more than one chapter about sex bias; the author does first-person interviews with a man-to-woman transgender, and also a woman-to-man transgender working at the same place in the same scientific field, and compares their experiences before and after the gender change. That's one of the most compelling and credible things I've ever read about sex bias in the workplace, and I do wish he included more examples or expanded to more chapters.Unfortunately, this book was also repetitive about race bias. There are several chapters about that, but it does seem that the author only tested for bias on Americans and only on black or white people. He didn't test for bias against any other races or by any other races. That makes this book somewhat incomplete.Also, I have my own bias: I think that Americans make everything about race, especially after Obama. In the current news, Meghan Markle just got engaged to Prince Harry, and the big deal in the tabloids is that she's half African-American. So, does race matter or does it not? If it's not supposed to be important, then why is it being reported at all? Maybe that's why racial bias is so prevalent here--it's not important, except when it is, and then it's a big deal.

Unlike our normal (conscious) brain, which is live and tangible, the unconscious brain, referred to in this book as the "hidden brain", is intangible and elusive. In fact its own existence was in question. Ever since it was given its name (by Friedrich Schiller in 18th century) it was questioned or even rejected by some psychologists. However, its function and influence were evident enough to engage the attention of famous psychologists like Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung who developed the concept and employed it in psychoanalysis and other psychological problems. In fact, Freud made the concept popular and it became one of his main contributions to psychology.Freud likened the mind to an iceberg with its tip (above the water ) being the conscious mind and the bulk of it (under the water), being the unconscious mind. This is significant as it implies that most of mental work is done by the unconscious mind. Later research and development showed this to be true. Indeed some psychologists believe that only 25 percent of our mind's work is accomplished by our conscious mind. What is curious about this arrangement is that the conscious mind is mostly unaware of the actions of the unconscious mind. This is not only surprising but also mystifying. In other words , after having made a seemingly conscious decision we would be told it was really the hidden brain that had done the work,or at least had guided us to the decision. If someone is told that he does not understand how his mind works he is likely to be offended, yet, this has become an acceptable fact in psychology.The contents of this unconscious mind have been somewhat of a mystery. Freud thought it is a reservoir containing our feelings, concerns, fears, and memories which are outside the scope of our awareness. The reason they are suppressed down below is because their surfacing might be disturbing or annoying, e.g. like remembering an ugly crime . How can one access this reservoir? One way is through psychoanalysis as Freud had done using the power of reasoning and allowing several sessions to unravel a patient's background. More often the contents surface in dreams or else through hypnosis. On reading about this strange arrangement one cannot help but wonder: Was this an integral part of our creation, or did it evolve in us over time?Although we are accustomed to think of the unconscious mind at the personal level, the author gives it another dimension by demonstrating its effect in groups and institutions. He does this using anecdotes and case studies. The danger here is that often the anecdote is in itself so exciting that it overshadows the psychological analysis. One issue dealt with here is racial bias which is presumably generated by our unconscious brain. One researcher in Canada, G. Aboud, tried to trace the origin of this issue by showing little children a picture of a white man and a black man. She would tell the little 3-5 years-old stories about a robbery, or any other offending event, and ask the children to point to the possible culprit in the picture. Invariably most of them would point to the black man . No matter how the question was repeated the result was the same. Where did this bias come from? Parents? Teachers? Friends? She wondered. And would it be embedded and sealed in their hidden reservoir until it surfaces later in life creating our modern-day problematic racial discrimination?Surely, there is a lot more research to be done on this mystifying unconscious mind.Fuad R. QubeinAugust,2016

This was a great book that I couldnâ€™t put down. Shankar is a great storyteller, which personalizes and creates a visceral response to scientific/psychological subject matter that most would rather pass on. He tackles tough subjects to bring light to areas of our life where we may be making unconscious choices and then logically validating them?Want to know how Obama could overcome racism, why weâ€™re terrible witnesses, or why we just donâ€™t like some people? Give this a try

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Senin, 19 Maret 2018

Ebook Free Life in Our Phage World, by Forest Rohwer Merry Youle

Maret 19, 2018 sewardvalerielexiebrown No comments

Ebook Free Life in Our Phage World, by Forest Rohwer Merry Youle

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Life in Our Phage World, by Forest Rohwer Merry Youle

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Review

"...spectacular, unique, trailblazing...I have never seen such a display of scholarship and artistry. You have freed scientific writing from its conventional shackles." -Moselio Schaechter, Distinguished Professor, emeritus, Tufts University, and author of Microbe and In the Company of Mushrooms"...an excellent piece of written and visual art for newcomers to phage research and seasoned phage biologists alike. If you think phage are not relevant to your life or research, reading this is sure to change your mind!" -Mya Breitbart, Associate Professor, University of South Florida"Beautiful art, fascinating book and a wonderful historical perspective on the field." -Lita M. Proctor,Â Project Coordinator, NIH Human Microbiome Project"The illustrations, the stories, and the vignettes are just delightful. It is very difficult to create such a perfect combination of science, art, and human warmth, but the authors have managed this superbly."-- Eugene Koonin, Senior Investigator, National Center for Biotechnology Information"the 21st-century hitchhiker's guide to the (phage) universe...a welcome refresher on phage complexity and diversity that would serve as an amazing resource for biology instructors...even accessible enough for the casual science aficionado to browse..."-review in Science magazine by Michael Koeris, Founder and VPO of Sample6. Â Â

About the Author

Forest Rohwer is an internationally known microbial ecologist with an intense interest in phage and their impact on all life on Earth. His studies of ecosystems ranging from coral reefs to the human body have led to more than 150 peer-reviewed research articles. He is a Fellow of the American Academy for Advancement of Science (AAAS), American Academy of Microbiology (AAM) and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR). In 2008 he was awarded the International Society of Microbial Ecology Young Investigators Award and in 2014 was listed as one of the World's Most Influential Scientific Minds (Thomson Reuters). This is his second book with microbiology writer Merry Youle. Their first book, Coral Reefs in the Microbial Seas, was published in 2010.

Product details

Hardcover: 408 pages

Publisher: Wholon; 1st edition (December 1, 2014)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0990494306

ISBN-13: 978-0990494300

Product Dimensions:

8.5 x 1.2 x 11 inches

Shipping Weight: 3.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.1 out of 5 stars

8 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#1,013,050 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

I have to tell you: I adore this book, and for a number of important reasons. First, it is an accessible introduction and reminder of how central viruses are to the biosphere, with a unique and engaging perspective. With all the talk about the "microbiome" in the news, the more numerous and just as important "virobiome" does not get as much attention or PR. We tend to reflexively think of viruses as "bad," when in fact viruses help keep ecological systems in balance (and that may very well include issues of human health). Bacteriophages, bacterial viruses, are not only fascinating as a model system, genetic tool, and driver of ecological balance....but beautiful to behold.This brings me to something special about this fine book, by authors possessing expertise, writing chops, and enthusiasm (as well as quirky humor): the artwork. I am used to "scientific publications" being somewhat dry and technical. Not so with this publication. This is a beautiful as well as informative tome. If you have any interest in the intersection of art and biology, this book is simply a "must have."Let me say something really important to finish up this review: the Amazon system states that this book is "temporarily out of stock," and implies it will take some time to receive. I ordered my copy early January, and received it in less than a week. I have no explanation for the verbiage. If you order this lovely book, you will get it quickly. It's a great book, and sits with pride on my office bookshelf.

This books binding is damaged it is angled making it difficult to open, I have never seen anything like this before

Wonderful book, a master piece!

This book stimulated me to start learning about contemporary biology. The last time I had a biology class was in 1961! The drawings really made it fun to read. I also got the book within a week of ordering it.

I absolutely love this book - it's the perfect combination between accurate scientific knowledge, fun personal stories, and a rarely-seen artistic interpretation! I highly recommend this book for anyone with an interest in viruses!

what an impressive summation and perspective(s) of the virus world; thought provoking!

The year 2015 celebrates the centenary of the first documentation of phages by Frederick W. Twort. Since then, however, phages (the viruses that infect bacteria) have often been ignored, discounted and underestimated. Forest Rohwer and his distinguished co-authors now address this glaring omission. A centennial field guide to the most abundant biological entities in the world has been missing until today. In the tradition of other field guides the authors include a global map showing the known geographic range of each featured phage as well as its habitats. Additionally, phage genomes are represented by two versions. First, an artist-created overview of the variety of genome structures of phages when travelling between virion and host (e.g., linear or circular, single-stranded or double-stranded, sticky ends, direct or inverted terminal repeat nucleotide syntax). Second, a detailed genome map allows the reader to follow each gene, finding information about its function, its homology with other page genes and the localisation of its protein product. With this field guide a second century of phage study has begun.BacteriophagesA bacteriophage is a virus that infects and replicates within a bacterium only. There are 10(31) phage virions on earth. This is ten times more than all cells that constitute cellular organisms. Every second, 10(24) phage infections occur on this planet, whereas lytic infection by a single phage yields 20 to 400 progeny per infectious cycle. In the human gut we can find 10(16) phage virions. Together there are 4 million families of viral proteins on earth. If all 1031 phage virions were placed side by side they would stretch to 42 million light years! The book heralds a second century on phage research, but under very different circumstances. In the first century phages have been viewed as curious prokaryote parasites now they are part of the pre-dominant global virosphere.All chapters start with a description of genome structure, followed by encapsidation methods, the commonly shared host organism and its habitat and a note on its lifestyle, a global map where the samples on this planet have been taken and, interestingly, a detailed map of genome architecture, each segment linked by colours to the various lifestyles typical of phages.Main Behavioural Motifs of PhagesIn chapter 1 an overview on the phage lifecycle answers the questions of why there are so many genes in such simple organisms and why it is beneficial to have a temperate lifestyle. Additionally, a coherent phage classification for the twenty-first century is presented by Daniel Nelson. This is biosemiotically important because phages code their information into all available nucleic acid sequences from single-stranded RNA to double-stranded RNA to single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA. In this same context Forest Rohwer adopts a pioneering role in that he and Rob Edwards put forward the phage proteomic tree, a proteome-based classification system that groups phages relative to their near neighbours as well as in the context of other phages.In chapter 2 an overview of how to test the water for phages is given and, very important, how â€˜GODâ€™ (Generation of Diversity) is the driving force in phage evolution and survival; this means the generation of variety that paves the way for biological selection. The brief history of environmental phage ecology from marine to human ecosystems, which means phages use every environment, is also of considerable interest. Mathew Sullivan describes the metagenomic approach in which phages modulate microbial population structures to determine microbe identities.In chapter 3 the entry strategy of phages into their host organisms is investigated. There are several distinct strategies. Virion proteins are discarded and only the genome enters the host cell. However, recent research has demonstrated that nearly all phages package essential proteins inside their virions before placing themselves within host genomes. Some proteins serve as start-up replication tools, others as bodyguards to detect host defences and yet others assist during genome delivery, forming protective tubes for genome passage or escorting the genome into host cell.In chapter 4 the takeover of host replication systems is discussed. When a phage enters a host cell, an abundance of metabolic regulations are organised and regulated for efficient survival and reproduction. The interesting thing is that the phage does not imediately kill its host cell but instead converts the cell into a virocell, a finely tuned virion factory within a complete virion order. This is a complete turnabout and â€˜manipulationâ€™ of the former cell, but a new dominant genetic content order. In another publication exactly this process rises the question whether virocells represent a really new cellular identity. If this machinery functions to produce a number of virions the cellular organism is executed. However, in this interplay the phages and the targeted host cells continously develop counter-defence and entry tools and strategies, immune defence and counter-defence both striving constantly for evolutionary novelty in order to reach their goals.Chapter 5 focuses on phage replication and the mosaic construction of phage genomes. The general strategy seems to be to minimise intergenic regions and encode efficient proteins. Additionally, some phages such as Lambda invest in a complex genetic switch to govern lysis or in contrary ist lysogeny, depending on a decision process. Some phages exchange genes and non-coding regions extensively, which means they are highly dynamic and volatile, as the phage world continously exchanges information within its own natural genetic language.Chapter 6 investigates how viruses are chromosomally creative. They constantly change or invent their genomic content in order to adapt to emerging new host identities. Phage evolution therefore occurs rapidly. Some replicate within their original approach; others are assisted by helper phages. Importantly, some reuse defective parts which in other content arrangements are reinstated features previously lost or deleted. In difference to decade lasting assumptions that defective viral genetic parts are degraded or at best resource for nucleotide recycling processes it is now obvious that they may play essential roles in new genetic content order. Additionally it must be mentioned that in capsid innovation phages are ingenious thieves.In chapter 7 escape strategies out of the host are presented. Every bacteriophage with a double stranded genome, whether RNA or DNA, shares a holin-endolysin technique for host lysis. Holins are responsible for lethal lesions in the cell membrane. Interestingly, all known phage holins share similar functions but do not have a common origin. This means that lytic competence does not evolve from a common ancestor but from several roots to generate lysins, a commonly shared tool/technique of escape. Additionally holins indicate the evolutionary origin of nuclear pores of eukaryotic nuclei, a pre-condition for the signaling pathways that regulate replication, transcription and translation in every eukaryote.Behavioural Motifs Represented in Gene Word OrderThe detailed list after each described phage species and how the gene word order in these phages is structured are especially relevant to biosemiotics. Here we find the interactional motifs in phage life which are not solely about replication but the phage-centred goals that are not the same in cellular hosts and look rather different. Additionally, the stored information that is essential to phage life is clustered. This means the conserved genetic contents that resemble single behavioural motifs are not in a coherent line-up, but are split up into several information tools throughout the genome. The most prevalent motifs in phage gene word order that are commonly shared are:â€¢ on the prowl (for cellular host)â€¢ entryâ€¢ takeover (of host replication behaviour), then the two different behavioral motifs: aâ€¢ lytic replication cycle or conversely aâ€¢ lysogenic replication cycle, followed by theâ€¢ (re)assembly, theâ€¢ escape. For regulation properties this is followed byâ€¢ transfer RNAs and the important regulatory tools hidden inâ€¢ non-coding RNAs. Additionally, we know some genetically conserved regions ofâ€¢ multiple functions coded within these sequence structures and also theâ€¢ unknown functions of sequences that are relevant in future research.At the end of the book two Appendices offer special background information such as technical notes (the sources for the field guide data), the strategy for drawing phage â€˜portraitsâ€™, the phage proteomic tree, global maps. If one wants to probe the meaning of biosemiotics one has to look at the context in which a competent agent uses the sign, i.e., the concrete behaviour within its habitat. To biosemioticians the lexicon of phage behaviours in Appendix B is of considerable interest.Relevance to BiologyThis book provides the ideal accompaniment to the abundance of research results in virology of the last decade. Although it focuses on bacteriophages it constitutes the missing link in the rich world of the virosphere outlined by some of the recent publications. It demonstrates that cellularly built organisms are like islands in a virospheric ocean, and it gives the most coherent overview available of the most abundant biological entities on the planet. Especially in the chapters about adaptive immunity in bacteria, which is the result of highly adaptive and dynamic CRIPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins), the authors convincingly demonstrate that the gene word order represented in the genetic code is not the result of selection of mutation (replication errors), or computable and formalisable procedures of self-organisation of matter, or the result of physics and chemistry behaving according to thermodynamic laws. In contrast to these dominant narratives of the evolution of the genetic code for the last six decades it is now evident that viruses and virus-like agents edit the genetic code, determine the gene word order of host organisms, drive evolutionary novelty and remain as adaptational tools in the genomic content most relevant for the survival of their host organisms. This is a major paradigmatic shift not only in biology which means life is not the result of interactions of signs but of interactions of agents that are competent to use signs.ConclusionThe book is written by several leading researchers in their field and contains seven chapters with rich appendices of additional information on the phage world. Although the book meets all the criteria of scientific research and investigation it can be read by novices in the field, encouraging each reader to integrate this excellent database into an up-to-date understanding of life in general. Additionally, which is most important, the excellent and unique artwork of Benjamin Darby which illustrates the phage morphology as well as the variety of behavioural patterns is convincingly the best way to drive imagination regarding the fascinating world of biology. Although phages are essentially different from cells of prokaryotes they represent the main habitat for phages. Together with their host they continuously drive the evolution of both and therefore are crucial for microbial ecology. To denote phages as molecular assembles which function mechanistically as selfish entities really misses the point of these agents.

I have seen the proof copy and highly compliment all who made this book so beautiful to behold. No one will need to struggle with readability. Illustrations are fantastic. All those hours of collaboration have paid off. Congratulations!

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